What is a negative pole effect during galvanic facial treatment?

• A. Close the pores
• B. Reduce redness
• C. Introduce alkaline preparations into the skin
• D. Open the pores

Answer: (D)

The key idea is how electrode polarity in galvanic facial treatment changes the skin environment. The negative pole creates an alkaline reaction at the skin, producing hydroxide ions and raising the local pH. This alkaline micro-environment softens the surface keratin and sebaceous material, making the pore openings more dilated. As a result, the skin becomes more permeable and pores appear to open, which helps with penetration of active ingredients during iontophoresis. The effect described isn’t about closing pores or reducing redness; those would be linked to different conditions (acidic environments or other factors) and aren’t the primary result of the negative pole.